《植物生理学报》 2021, 57(4): 939-949

喀斯特土壤环境中4种先锋植物对硼元素的吸收与转运特性研究

蒋向辉^*，肖龙骞

怀化学院生物与食品工程学院, 民族药用植物资源研究与利用湖南省重点实验室, 湘西药用植物与民族植物学 湖南省高校重点实验室, 湖南怀化418008

通信作者：蒋向辉；E-mail: jxfei789@163.com

摘　要：

本研究进行了喀斯特土壤中硼元素追肥实验, 比较了先锋植物竹叶花椒(Zanthoxylum armatum)、火棘(Pyracantha fortuneana)、忍冬(Lonicera japonica)和黄褐毛忍冬(L. fulvotomentosa)的生长特性和生理参数差异。结果显示, 低浓度(0.25 mg·L^-1)硼元素对4种植物出苗有促进作用, 对竹叶花椒、火棘的株高生长有促进作用; 高浓度(2.5 mg·L^-1)硼元素对4种植物出苗有抑制作用; 各浓度的硼元素对忍冬和黄褐毛忍冬株高生长均有抑制作用。过量的硼主要积累在忍冬和黄褐毛忍冬的根和茎中, 而在竹叶花椒和火棘的根、茎和幼叶中均有硼的积累。遭受硼元素过量胁迫的4种植物叶片叶绿素含量减少, 脯氨酸含量增加, 表皮细胞和栅栏细胞排列松散, 海绵细胞和气孔下室数目增多。本研究为先锋植物的生态适应性和石漠化治理提供实验基础。

关键词：喀斯特土壤; 先锋植物; 硼元素; 胁迫

收稿：2020-10-05   修定：2021-01-12

资助：湖南省教育厅重点资助项目(19A390)、湖南省教育厅创新平台项目(16K069)和贵州省科学技术厅社会发展项目(黔科合支撑 [2018]2823)

Study on absorption and transport of boron with four pioneer plants in karst soil

JIANG Xianghui^*, XIAO Longqian

College of Biological and Food Engineering, Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Study and Utilization of Ethnic Medicinal Plant Resources, Key Laboratory of Hunan Higher Education for Hunan-western Medicinal Plant and Ethnobotany, Huaihua University, Huaihua, Hunan 418008, China

Corresponding author: JIANG Xianghui; E-mail: jxfei789@163.com

Abstract:

The experiment of boron element topdressing was carried out in karst soil. The growth characteristics and differences in physiological parameters were compared in Zanthoxylum armatum, Pyracantha fortuneana, Lonicera japonica and L. fulvotomentosa. The results showed that a low concentration (0.25 mg·L^-1) of boron treatment could promote the emergence of four plants, and increase the height growth of Z. armatum and P. fortuneana. A high concentration (2.5 mg·L^-1) of boron treatment could inhibit the emergence of four plants, and different boron concentration treatments could inhibit the height growth of L. japonica and L. fulvotomentosa. Excessive boron mainly accumulated in the roots and stems of L. japonica and L. fulvotomentosa, while excessive boron was detected in the roots, stems, and young leaves of Z. armatum and P. fortuneana. Under excessive boron stress, the chlorophyll content of the leaves decreased the proline content increased, the epidermal cells and fence cells were loosely arranged, and the amounts of sponge cells and substomatal chambers increased in the four plants. The results of this study provide an experimental basis for ecological adaptation of pioneer plants and control of rocky desertifcation.

Key words: karst soil; pioneer plant; boron element; stress